Warning! Because the equipment operates at 230V, please heed the descriptions and instructions referred to in this section for life-safety reasons. Supply voltage: 110V AC (first solution) / 14…28V DC (second solution)Ĭircuit boards: 104 × 86mm PCB-single sided (transformer-fitted circuit) / 80 × 60mm PCB-single sided (for retrofitting) Maximum audio levels: 1V eff (in and out)Ĭonnectors: Stereo input and output Commercial phono-socket (transformer-fitted circuit) PCB mounting terminal block (for retrofitting)įrequency response: 20Hz…30kHz, practically linear The second solution is the installation of the galvanic isolator stage into the system, (e.g., an amplifier), and accordingly can be supplied with DC from the equipment itself. The first solution is standalone equipment with its own 110V AC power supply. Two kinds of applications have been developed. In order to achieve thorough isolation, the power supplies must be separated. The non-inverting input amplifier requires the use of a bipolar supply, while the inverting input stage can be implemented with single supply operational amplifiers that permit operation close to ground. These optocouplers provide either an inverting or non-inverting transfer function, based upon the type of input and output amplifiers. Table 1 shows the coupling factor of IL 300s, sorted into K3 bin, indicated by an alpha character that is marked on the part. The I元00 is available in various groups according to light-transmission characteristics. This is marked with K3 coupling factor, which is actually the ratio of the coupling factors of the two photodiodes (K3 = K2/K1). The photocurrent is proportional with the light intensity of the inner IR diode and feedback diodes. The LED is functioning in an optically controlled circuit, thus linearizing the light emission and minimizing the effects of aging and temperature changes. With IRLED, the best linearity can be obtained at drive currents between 5mA to 20mA. However, in the case of photoconductive mode, frequency response is better.Īs in the case of sound frequency applications, there are no special requirements for the frequency response, so my choice was the photovoltaic solution. In the case of the photovoltaic configuration, the linearity is better, there is less noise, and, as a result, the configuration is more stable. The receiver diodes can be applied either as a photovoltaic or as a photoconductive source. The output current is proportional to the optical flux supplied by the LED emitter. The photodiode load resistor, R2, performs the current-to-voltage conversion. The photodiode is operating as a current source. The output photodiode is connected to a non-inverting voltage follower amplifier. The feedback photodiode sources current to R1 connected to the inverting input. 1) uses an operational amplifier at the circuit input to drive the LED. The output photodiode produces an output signal that is linearly related to the servo optical flux produced by the LED.Ī typical application circuit (Fig. This technique compensates for the LED’s nonlinear characteristics. ![]() ![]() The feedback photodiode captures a percentage of the LED’s flux and generates a control signal that can be used to servo the LED drive current. In this audio frequency application, I have chosen the I元00 linear optocoupler, which consists of an IRLED that is irradiating an isolated feedback and an output PIN photodiode in a bifurcated arrangement. Photo 2: The audio interface (for retrofitting). However, the characteristics of the optocouplers have been improved so that they enable linear transmission of the applied signals. With an ordinary optocoupler, you can transmit only digital signals. It was only with the development of optoelectronics that a new solution has emerged. Correct impedance matching requires additional amplifier stages, resulting in expensive equipment. This frequency response can be worsened by possible resonance responses furthermore, the compensation amplifier is sensitive to hum from the power supply network. You can only realize the complete audio frequency response with an extra compensated amplifier. By separating the reference points, you eliminate the potential differences and disturbing current loops, thus hindering hum and noise.įor many decades the solution for eliminating interference was the isolating transformer however, this solution was rather problematic. Figure 2: This solution is appropriate for applications external to the equipment because it is supplied from 110V AC.īut it is not necessary to sacrifice safety to construct a system free of ground loops and annoying hum.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |